This chapter contains basic IS-IS (Intermediate System to Intermediate System) configuration examples.

This example shows the minimum configuration required for enabling IS-IS on an interface. R1 and R2 are two routers in the ABC instance connecting to the network 10.10.10.0/24. After enabling IS-IS on an interface, create a routing instance, and specify the Network Entity Title (NET). IS-IS explicitly specifies a NET to begin routing. NET is comprised of the area address and the system ID of the router.

This example describes how to set the priority for an interface. Set a high priority for a router to make it the Designated IS (DIS). Router R2 is configured to have a priority of 125, this is higher than the default priority (64) of R1. This makes R2 the DIS.

This example shows how to configure Dynamic Hostname for an ISIS instance. Dynamic hostname is the method of mapping name-to-systemID. It allows the routing protocol to advertise symbolic names in the IS-IS PDUs. This is done by the addition of a new TLV which allows the IS-IS routers to include the name-to-systemID mapping data in their LSPs. This allows for simple and reliable transport of name mapping across IS-IS networks. Dynamic hostname can be either the hostname of the node or the tag of the configured ISIS instance.

Note: Dynamic-hostname has to be configured on all nodes for it to take effect.

 

In this example, the configuration causes OSPF routes to be imported into the IS-IS routing table, and advertised into the ABC instance.

You can make a route the preferred route by changing its metric. In this example, the cost has been configured to make R3 the next hop for R1.

The default metric for each interface is 10. Interface eth3 on R2 has a metric of 20, and Interface eth2 on R3 has a metric of 30. The total cost to reach 10.10.14.0/24 (R4) through R2 and R3 is computed as follows:

R2: 10+20 = 30

R3: 10+30 = 40

In this topology, R1 chooses R2 as its next hop for destination 10.10.14.0/24.

IS-IS supports a two-level hierarchy for handling and scaling the functionality of large networks. The Level-1 (L1) area is mainly for Leaf networks, and the Level-2 (L2) area is the backbone area connecting Level-1 areas. In this example, R3 and R4 are configured as Level-1 routers, and reside in the Level-1 area. R1 and R2 are configured as Level-1-2 routers, and connect these two Level-1 areas with a backbone Level-2 area. You can configure Level-1-2 routers with single or multiple instances: This configuration shows the single-instance version of the Level-1-2 router.

IS-IS supports a two-level hierarchy for handling and scaling the functionality of large networks. The Level-1 (L1) area is mainly for Leaf networks, and the Level-2 (L2) area is the backbone area connecting Level-1 areas. In this example, R3 and R4 are configured as Level-1 routers, and reside in the Level-1 area. R1 and R2 are configured as Level-1-2 routers, and connect these two Level-1 areas with a backbone Level-2 area. You can configure Level-1-2 routers with single or multiple instances: This configuration shows the multiple-instance version of the Level-1-2 router.

Route leaking is defined in RFC 2966. For Level-1 (L1) routers, only level-1 routes are populated in the routing table. The L1 router has a default route to the nearest Level-1/Level-2 (L1/L2) router: This could result in sub-optimal routing in certain scenarios. Route leaking causes an L1/L2 router to advertise the level-2 routes in its database to the L1 router, thus allowing the L1 router to acknowledge the prefixes advertised by the Level-2 (L2) router. In this way, the L1 router has the ability to learn the true cost to reach other areas.

In the following example, R1 is the L1 router, R2 is the L1/L2 router doing the route leaking, and R3 is the L2 router. The following configuration is given only for R2, assuming that the adjacency with R1 and R3 are already up, and the route tables with appropriate routes are already populated.

 

 

 

 

In the example, route, i ia 3.3.3.3/32 [115/30] via 20.20.20.2, eth1, 00:12:29, is the L2 route leaked by the L1/L2 router into the L1 router.

Route summarization makes the routing table smaller, but still allows complete IP connectivity, if everything is configured properly.

The following example consists of a three-router topology, in which R2 is doing the summarization. In this example, R1 is the L1 router, R2 is the L1/L2 router doing the summarization, and R3 is the L2 router. The following configuration is given only for R2, assuming that the adjacencies with R1 and R3 are already up, and the route tables with the appropriate routes are already populated.

 

 

Administrative distance in IS-IS can be configured for a specified source ID or for all routes.

This example shows configuring the IS-IS administrative distance for the IPv4 address family.

In ISP and large enterprise networks, many of the distribution routers have more than 200 interfaces. Before the Default Passive-Interface feature, there were two possibilities for obtaining routing information from all of these interfaces:

The solution to this problem was to configure the routing protocol on all interfaces and manually set the passive-interface command on the interfaces where adjacency was not desired. In certain networks, this meant coding 200 or more passive-interface statements. With the Default Passive Interface feature, this problem is solved by allowing all interfaces to be set as passive by default using a single passive-interface default command, then configuring individual interfaces in which adjacencies are desired using the passive-interface <interface-name> disable command.

Figure 14-111 shows a passive-interface configuration example.

This section contains IS-IS (Intermediate System to Intermediate System) Loop-Free Alternate Fast Reroute (LFA-FRR) configuration examples.

For details about the commands used in these examples, see the Intermediate System to Intermediate System Command Reference.

OSPF LFA and ISIS LFA along with MPLS is not supported. Do not configure OSPF LFA or ISIS LFA, if MPLS is configured or vice-versa.

When a primary next-hop fails, LFA-FRR reduces the failure reaction time to tens of milliseconds using a pre-computed alternate next- hop, so that the alternate can be rapidly used when the failure is detected. A network with this feature experiences less traffic loss and less micro-looping of packets than a network without LFA-FRR.

After you enable LFA-FRR, routers calculate a backup path for each primary path to reach the destination. The backup path is calculated based on the attributes such as node protecting, link protecting, and broadcast link protecting. If there is an ECMP path to reach prefixes, the backup is selected from the same primary set by default; if a secondary tie-breaker is enabled, and if a secondary path is available, the backup will be selected from the secondary path.

Figure 14-112 shows the configuration to enable the basic ISIS LFA feature.

ISIS neighborship:

Check the ISIS route installation with primary and backup paths in the ISIS table and RIB table.

Primary paths:

R1#FRR backup paths:

It is not mandatory that for all primary paths, there exists an LFA backup path only if inequality equation satisfies according to attributes configured on routers, backup path will be calculated.

To prohibit an interface from being used as a repair path, disable fast reroute calculation on the interface:

Verify that the eth1 interface is not used for backup path calculation.

Route-map and access-list configuration:

Apply the above created route-map with fast-reroute:

Based on the index values configured, if inequalities are satisfied, protections will be provided:

The show command below displays default values for tie-breaker, by default maximum protection (link, node, broadcast, if ecmp, ecmp backup path) will be provided.

After configuring tie-breaker with index, values will be changed accordingly.

To change index values, below configurations should be used, with the lower the index highest the priority.

A router MUST limit the amount of time an alternate next-hop is used after the primary next-hop has become unavailable. This ensures that the router will start using the new primary next-hops.

LFA termination avoids a micro looping in topology, when particular network goes down, LFA backup path will be installed and if termination interval is configured, LFA backup will be still used till the interval and it is used in order to verify new primary path is loop free.

Configure termination interval on R1 in router mode:

Shut down one of the primary nexthops, here eth2 of R1:

Here, eth1 has become a primary path, which was originally a backup path:

Equal-Cost Multi-Path Routing (ECMP) is a routing technique where next-hop packet forwarding to a single destination can occur over multiple “best-paths” that tie in routing metric calculations. Because it is a per-hop decision limited to a single router, it can increase bandwidth by load-balancing traffic over multiple paths.

Here, we provide configuration capabilities for Loop-Free Alternate (LFA) Fast Reroute (FRR) along with ECMP.

Figure 14-113 shows the configuration to enable the ISIS LFA feature with ECMP.

R1 (Source):

The backup path will be selected by default from same Primary/ECMP set and “Pri” indicates backup selected from ECMP set.

To select Backup path from secondary/Non-ECMP path, configure the below command in R1 with lowest index value.

If no backup path available from non-ecmp set , then from primary set itself , backup path will be installed

R1#Below, “Sec” indicates the backup path is from the Non-ECMP path